Rap Vs Poetry Essay example -- essays research papers

"When I originally began rapping, me and two or three siblings would all lounge around my place freestyling while somebody beat boxed. I even used to tell all the young ladies that I was an artist. They appeared to think that its somewhat more contacting than a rapper" (Prince Paul, The Source 16) The verses of rappers are fundamentally the same as the expressions of Black artists. It is contended as to wether or not rap is a reasonable type of verse. Both talk about comparative subjects, write in a similar style and utilize a similar sort of language in their compositions. When taking a gander at a sonnet or perusing rap verses, recognizing the two can be troublesome, if not impossible.Both Black rappers and Black artists expound on similar subjects. For instance the rap bunch NWA, and the artist Alice Walker, both spread the subject of being from a minority race. Alice Walker states in one of her sonnets that "there is no planet more interesting than the one im from" (Walker, "Note Passed To Superman" 18-19). Alice is stating that the world is peculiar on the grounds that individuals judge others by their skin shading. The methodology NWA takes is a progressively pompous one. In the melody "Fuck Tha Police", NWA says " Young nigga got it awful cuz im earthy colored/And not the other shading so police think/They have the position to murder a minority" (NWA "Fuck Tha Police" 3-5). Another basic subect between Black artists and rappers is "ghetto life". Nikki Giovani's sonnet called "For Saundra" is about how she will compose a sonnet about trees and blue skies. At that point she understood that she was living in a "concrete jungle".      i needed to compose/a sonnet/that rhymes/yet upheaval doesnt loan/itself to bebopping/then my neighbor/who thinks I detest/asked - do u ever compose/tree sonnets I like trees/so I thought/i'll compose an excellent geen tree sonnet/looked from my window/to check the picture/saw the school yard was secured/with black-top/no green - no trees develop/in Manhattan/at that point, well, I thought the sky/sick do a major blue sky sonnet/yet all the mists have winged/low since no-Dick was chosen/so I reconsidered/and it happened to me/perhaps I shouldn't compose/at all/yet clean my firearm/and check my lamp fuel gracefully (Giovanni "For Saundra")What this is about is basically the truth of the urban ghettos. Gangstarr als... ...;. To every one of my siblings in the avenues/I realize u feel you need to hustle cause your peeps gotta eat/Makin moves right and precise; don't wanna see you layin' level/Don't wanna see ya get a projectile dark/If we don't manufacture we'll be wrecked/Thats a test we face in the race of poor and jobless (Gangstarr "In Memory Of")This tune by Gangstarr is about existence in the city and what one must do to make due in the city. The messages found in theories rap tunes and sonnets are significant messages that must be tuned in to. They talk about what's going on in the public eye and what we need to do to transform it or at times stop it.     In end, the verses of rappers are entirely similar to the verbally expressed expressions of Black artists. There can be examinations made in the style of composing, the subjects, language and the messages behind the compositions. These likenesses make rap a feasible type of verse that is delighted in and comprehended by youngsters in the present society. The present adolescents, much of the time, would, not read verse and fathom the message, be that as it may, they would tune in to rap and have the option to comprehend the thought the craftsman is attempting to get over.

End of Life Care Essay

At the point when a friend or family member is passing on, discussions about the finish of life can be awkward and troublesome. In any case, talking about finish of-life care is significant. Contingent upon the conditions, you may have the option to help your adored one settle on significant finish of-life choices â€, for example, regardless of whether to stay at home, move to a nursing home or other office, or look for hospice care. Additionally, you can work with your cherished one’s medicinal services group to ensure your adored one stays agreeable toward the finish of life. Torment, tension and opposite finish of-life indications can frequently be dealt with. Indeed, even toward the finish of life, you can proceed to help and support your relationship with your adored one. Basically being there can be a significant wellspring of solidarity and solace for everybody. Anguish At the point when a friend or family member bites the dust, misery can feel like a blade in your heart. Regularly, misery triggers crude, serious feelings. You may think about how you’ll ever get the pieces and recuperate your injuries †yet not feel as though you’re double-crossing your adored one’s memory. There are no handy solutions for the distress and anguish that follow a cherished one’s demise. As you face your sorrow, recognize the agony and realize that it’s part of the mending procedure. Take great consideration of yourself, and look for help from companions and friends and family. Despite the fact that your life will never be an incredible same, the burning agony of distress will inevitably turn out to be less serious. Tolerating your new â€Å"normal† can assist you with accommodating your misfortunes and proceed onward with your life. Hospice Care Additionally called: End-of-life care Hospice care is end-of-life care gave by wellbeing experts and volunteers. They give clinical, mental and otherworldly help. The objective of the consideration is to help individuals who are kicking the bucket have tranquility, solace and poise. The guardians attempt to control torment and different manifestations so an individual can stay as caution and agreeable as could reasonably be expected. Hospice programs additionally offer types of assistance to help a patient’s family. Generally, a hospice persistent is required to live a half year or less. Hospice care can happen * At home * At a hospice community * In an emergency clinic * In a talented nursing office â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- What is the job of the family? Relatives frequently make penances to think about family members. Families give care, torment the board, and secure the patient. Despite the fact that they may need information, parental figures gain fulfillment and pride from giving consideration, but at the same time are in danger for misery and medical issues identified with guardian stress (Haley and Bailey, 1999: Haley et al., 2001; Weitzner, Haley, and Chen, 2000). A few societies may think caring is the community’s obligation and commitment. Parental figures profit by social help, keeping up social exercises and jobs, and mental intercessions that show adapting aptitudes. A great many people need their family to be given decisions about treatment and hardly any needed the doctor to choose alone (Bradley, 1998). End of life: Caring for a perishing cherished one Regardless of whether you bring a perishing cherished one home or keep vigil at the emergency clinic, you can take measures to give solace and help toward the finish of life. Thinking about a perishing adored one isn’t simple. In any event, when you know the finish of life is drawing nearer, you probably won't feel arranged. Understanding what's in store †and what you can do to expand your adored one’s solace †can help. * Choosing where to kick the bucket Your adored one may have different options for end-of-life care. Alternatives may include: * Home consideration. Numerous individuals decide to bite the dust at home or in the home of a relative. You can accept the job of parental figure or recruit home consideration administrations for help. Hospice care †administrations that help guarantee the highest caliber of life for whatever time remains †can be given at home too. * Inpatient care. A few people may lean toward nonstop consideration at a nursing home, clinic or committed inpatient hospice office. Hospice and palliative consideration †a comprehensive treatment approach planned to ease indications, assuage torment, and address profound and mental concerns †can be given in any of these situations. At the point when you examine the alternatives with your cherished one, consider their inclinations just as uncommon physical, passionate and psychosocial needs. Assess how much help can be given by relatives and companions. For help deciding the best choice, talk with your cherished one’s human services group or a social specialist. You may request a referral to palliative or hospice care experts †human services suppliers prepared in explicit consideration for individuals approaching the finish of life. * Spirituality toward the finish of life As your cherished one methodologies the finish of life, the individual may discuss otherworldliness or the importance of life. Don’t power the subject †however on the off chance that it comes up, urge your cherished one to investigate and address their sentiments. You may ask your adored one open-finished inquiries about their convictions and encounters or most significant minutes. You might need to welcome a profound pioneer to visit your cherished one also. * Saying farewell You can enable your cherished one to convey their last wishes for loved ones. Urge your cherished one to share their sentiments, including thanks or absolution, and allow others to bid farewell. This may animate conversation about significant, implied considerations, which can be important for everybody. Your adored one may likewise think that its consoling to leave a heritage â€, for example, making an account about their life or composing letters to friends and family, particularly concerning significant future occasions. * Recognizing when passing is close It’s hard to foresee precisely when somebody will bite the dust. As death draws near, in any case, your adored one may give different indications and manifestations showing that the finish of life is close. Search for: * Restlessness and fomentation. Your adored one may much of the time change positions. * Withdrawal. Your adored one may no longer need to take an interest in get-togethers or other most loved exercises. * Drowsiness. Your cherished one may burn through a large portion of their time sleeping. * Loss of craving. Your adored one may eat and drink not exactly regular. * Pauses or different changes in relaxing. This may happen when your cherished one is snoozing or alert. Giving solace The dynamic period of kicking the bucket as a rule starts a few days before death. Despite the fact that you can’t change what’s happening to your cherished one, you can support the person in question feel as good as conceivable †in a perfect world with the help of palliative or hospice care authorities. Your adored one additionally may encounter a short, last flood of vitality. Despite the fact that it very well may be confounding to see your cherished one with reestablished imperativeness, recollect this is a typical piece of biting the dust. In the event that it occurs, make the most of the chance to make the most of your adored one and state your last farewells. * Keeping vigil For some, families, keeping vigil close to a withering cherished one’s bed is an approach to show backing and love. In the event that you choose to keep vigil, keep conversing with your adored one. In the event that you figure your adored one would need to impart this opportunity to other people, welcome relatives or dear companions to show their help too. Express your affection, yet in addition let your adored one realize that it’s okay to give up. What is working? Emotional wellness suppliers with palliative ability can improve correspondence and assets. Psychological well-being specialists assist suppliers with comprehension the patient’s concerns and culture. They clarify confounding clinical terms and explain CPR, torment the executives, and different medications and empower joint effort. Psychological wellness suppliers additionally help mitigate the normal enthusiastic pain and misery coming about because of a terminal sickness or care giving. Adapting To BEREAVEMENT â€Å"IN OUR HEARTS, WE ALL KNOW THAT DEATH IS A PART OF LIFE. IN FACT, DEATH GIVES MEANING TO OUR EXISTENCE BECAUSE IT REMINDS US HOW PRECIOUS LIFE IS.† * Coping With Loss The departure of a friend or family member is life’s most upsetting occasion and can cause a significant enthusiastic emergency. After the passing of somebody you love, you experience mourning, which actually implies â€Å"to be denied by death.† Remember †It sets aside effort to completely retain the effect of a significant misfortune. You miss constantly your cherished one, however the agony facilitates after time and permits you to go on with your life. * Knowing What to Expect At the point when a demise happens, you may encounter a wide scope of feelings, in any event, when the passing is normal. Numerous individuals report feeling an underlying phase of deadness after first learning of a demise, however there is no genuine request to the lamenting procedure. A few feelings you may encounter include: * Denial * Disbelief * Confusion * Shock * Sadness * Yearning * Anger * Humiliation * Despair * Guilt These emotions are typical and regular responses to misfortune. You may not be set up for the force and term of your feelings or how quickly your states of mind may change. You may even start to question the dependability of your psychological well-being. However, be guaranteed that these sentiments are sound and proper and will assist you with grappling with your misfortune. * Mourning A Loved One It is difficult to adapt after a friend or family member passes on. You will grieve and lament. Grieving is the regular procedure you experience to acknowledge a significant misfortune. Grieving may incorporate strict customs regarding the dead or social affair with loved ones to share your misfortune. Grieving is close to home and may a months ago or years. Lamenting is the outward articulation of your misfortune. Your sadness is probably going to be communicated genuinely, inwardly, and mentally. For example, crying is a physical articulation, while gloom is a mental articulation. It is critical to permit yourself to communicate these sentiments. Regularly, passing is a subject that is kept away from, overlooked or denied. From the start it might appear to be useful to isolate yourself from the agony,

Planning Retirement Essay -- essays research papers

Individuals of any age should start getting ready for retirement and dealing with their cash well so they are guaranteed enough pay when they do resign. Retirees gauge that individuals will require 71% of their pre-retirement pay to keep up their present ways of life. Stocks and 401(k) plans are recommended.FactsNonretired Americans with family earnings that normal more than $50,000 expect they won't have the option to resign until age 59.More than 33% of well-to-do retirees with youngsters and grandkids are assisting with supporting them monetarily, as are 29% everything being equal. Additionally, almost a fourth of all retirees whose guardians are alive are helping them financially.Fully 48% of the well-off who aren't resigned just as surprisingly reviewed who aren't resigned accept they need to work low maintenance in retirement. Just 23% of wealthy retirees and 16% of all retirees surveyed are working today.Affluent nonretirees gauge they'll require just 53% of their pre-retirement salary to help their retirement ways of life. In any case, wealthy retirees state they really require completely 71%. Completely 25% of rich nonretirees believe it's feasible they will come up short on cash before they bite the dust versus just 12% of wealthy retirees.Affluent retirees single greatest lament is neglecting to place more cash in charge conceded retirees said they contributed the most extreme the law licenses, contrasted and just 48% of the rich nonretirees polled.Strategies1. Make sense of how much salary you'll require in retirement. Retirees revealed to us that to help ... Arranging Retirement Essay - papers examine papers Individuals of any age should start getting ready for retirement and dealing with their cash well so they are guaranteed enough salary when they do resign. Retirees gauge that individuals will require 71% of their pre-retirement salary to keep up their present ways of life. Stocks and 401(k) plans are recommended.FactsNonretired Americans with family unit earnings that normal more than $50,000 accept they won't have the option to resign until age 59.More than 33% of wealthy retirees with kids and grandkids are assisting with supporting them monetarily, as are 29% everything being equal. Additionally, almost a fourth of all retirees whose guardians are alive are helping them financially.Fully 48% of the well-off who aren't resigned just as surprisingly reviewed who aren't resigned accept they need to work low maintenance in retirement. Just 23% of wealthy retirees and 16% of all retirees surveyed are working today.Affluent nonretirees gauge they'll require just 53% of their pre-retirement pay to help their retirement ways of life. Be that as it may, wealthy retirees state they really require completely 71%. Completely 25% of well-to-do nonretirees believe it's feasible they will come up short on cash before they kick the bucket versus just 12% of wealthy retirees.Affluent retirees single greatest lament is neglecting to place more cash in charge conceded retirees said they contributed the most extreme the law licenses, contrasted and just 48% of the well-to-do nonretirees polled.Strategies1. Make sense of how much salary you'll require in retirement. Retirees revealed to us that to help ...

Benefits Of Working In A Team - Free Essay Example

Benefits of working in a Team What is a team? A team is a formal work group consisting of people who work together intensely to achieve a common goal which would be us Team B†¦. Sophee, mike, carolyn, Adrea and myself Sharing of knowledge When you have a group people you are going to find that everyone in the group has unique skills and talents. Everyone comes from a different walk of life and can contribute something different to the group, May it be study habits, note taking, public speaking, or life experience in a certain field. When all the skills are combined it creates new approaches to solving a problems/with better results than if you were to work alone. Division of labor Using each persons skills/talent to the groups advantage. Everyone has different strengths and can contribute something positive to the group. Our first meeting we went over what our strengths and weaknesses were. To determine what we would be good at as far as resposibilities in our Team for exampl e for this assignment we have Mike who is very Techy and he offered to check over our slides and putting them together for this presentation. Motivation/accountability Keeping eachother motivated, may it be with emails or text messages or a simple phone call. It’s nice to know that we can motivate one another by simple telling eachother not to stress what they have done sounds great. Which ties into being accountable†¦while we are cheerleading on our team I myself have to make sure my work gets done when something is due or all that motivating was for nothing, because my team knows that I can’t be trusted with my part of the task†¦and without trust there really isn’t a team, just 5 individuals trying to get the job done

Essay about The Great Depression in America - 2951 Words

There were many primary causes for The Great Depression, Unequal distribution of money to the economy, and the stock market speculation, and much more which all played a major factor for The Great Depression. The Great Depression impacted everyone, it impacted different people of all kinds of backgrounds. It was a low time for Americans in the 1920s, and for other countries also. One of the causes were Uneven Prosperity, 0.1% of families made 100,000$ a year, and 80% had zero savings. 200 companies controlled 49% of all U.S industry which caused uneven prosperity. Although the economy was booming in the 1920s most purchasing was done by credit. U.S wealth was not spread evenly and the economy was unstable. The U.S. economy was†¦show more content†¦As a result, these banks ended up with tons of property but no way to get cash from it. This cash shortage closed even more banks. With the economy falling in shambles and companies defaulting on loans, nearly all private and corporate investment ceased. Companies couldn’t afford to expand—in fact, many had to consolidate in order to cover the margins on their loans. In doing so they stopped hiring more people and began laying people off. unemployment sky-rocketed. With people willing to work for less money—than companies were currently paying, wages lessened too. Farmers and workers did not profit. Impact- All these changes affects the society in different ways .The Great Depression caused many people to close businesses and led the government to regulate the businesses and economic affairs. Depression hurt a lot of people, especially working people who lose there jobs. Bank failures clean out some depositors savings if funds are not ensured. When there was the depression, most people can not meet the house or apartment payments so they lose there homes and become homeless. During a depression some people must live on charity just to support themselves and there families. Sometimes the people who get the charity money, clothes, and food get kind of embarrassed that they need the money and they feel ashamed that they cant afford toShow MoreRelatedThe Great Depression Of America920 Words   |  4 PagesThe Great Depression A major event in American history that has shaped society today is the great depression that began in 1929 and ended in 1939. The official day the stock market crashed was a a day known as â€Å"black Tuesday†. At the time, the American government was not prepared nor did they have policies in place that made them well prepared for such an event to take place. This unfortunate event threw Americans into a an economic crisis unlike any event experienced before in history and leftRead MoreThe Great Depression Of America1727 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Depression in America is often believed to have ended when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbour and the US entered WWII in December 1941. However, while an exact end date is a matter of debate, it’s obvious the end of the Great Depression correlates somewhat with the beginning of the war, leading many to believe WWII must have ended the Great Depression and triggered the economic recovery of the United States. Many histo rians believe that the government and military spending restimulatedRead MoreThe Great Depression Of America980 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica has been around for many years and during those years people of America have experienced horrible times and fantastic times. There were the world wars, and there were the roaring twenties when America was the fastest growing. After the roaring twenties the American economy took a turn for the worse. After such a prosperous decade, when America went into the depression people were not ready for such a drastic change. Many people didn’t understand how it occurred, but now we have a better understandingRead MoreAmerica in the Great Depression1370 Words   |  5 Pagesdecade, from 1929 to 1940, America’s economy failed to operate at a level that allowed most Americans to attain economic success. A worldwide depression struck countries with market economies at the end of the 1920s. Although the Great Depression was relatively mild in some countries, it was severe in others, especially in the United States. The Great Depression left the American economy in ruins with problems that would take decades to fix. Government involvement increased in an effort to reconstructRead MoreThe Great Depression Of America3487 Words   |  14 Pages The Great Depression If one asks most Americans their opinion about when our nations’ economy crashed the most severely, they would most likely say the period between October 1929, until 1930 when the United States went through the great depression. The great depression was a time where people lost nearly everything, from houses and farms, to families and children. People were starving and left out in the cold. The worst part about this was that once people lost their belongings, they were goneRead MoreThe Great Depression of America514 Words   |  2 Pagesmill in Gary several other factories and companies started to travel to Gary for products because it became a business that lasted for decades. There was great memories in the 1920s with the great depression that had eventually changed in the 1930s. There were a crash of the stock market that was drawn in 1929 with the Great Depression of America. The American had no choice but to share unemployment and poverty. Then there was a decrease in the agriculture market which had a distress effect on theRead MoreThe Great Depression Changed America845 Words   |  4 PagesEssay The Great Depression changed our whole society but not in a bad way. The drop of the stock market gave buyers two choices; work harder to earn their money back or give up. After families lost most of their money they gave up and couldn’t provide for themselves. The Great Depression has majorly affected our current world. The Great Depression had shown how big companies affected America, how much the Executive branches power had grown and how the bank could not always be trusted. The Great DepressionRead MoreThe Great Depression Trademarks America1544 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Depression trademarks America at its all-time historical down point. In FDR’s Folly, Powell spotlights the presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, astronomical levels of unemployment, as well as the New Deal program developed to combat the Great Depression. Powell, who was born and educated in London, earned a master’s degree in history and he clearly demonstrates his views to the reader. In his words, FDR’s presidency did not aid the economic state but drove it further back as well asRead MoreThe Great Depression And Its Effects On America2001 Words   |  9 PagesThe Great Depression was an incredibly dull time in the historical backdrop of the United States, impacting all the financial assets of the American lifestyle. The Great Depression shattered the financial status of the United States. President Roosevelt has been known for sparing the U.S out of the financial turmoil it found itself in from the Great Depression. The causative components of t he Great Depression are still up for debate by many students of history and economics. For some individualsRead More The Great Depression in America Essay2388 Words   |  10 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Great Depression was a huge economic downfall in North America and involved many other industrialized countries of the world. The Depression began in 1929 and lasted for about ten years. Millions of people lost their jobs along with many businesses going bankrupt. The common misconception of the Great Depression is people think that the stock market crash was the main cause for it. There were many causes for the Depression; unequal distribution of money during the

Effects of Music on the Unborn Child free essay sample

Music can be used to Influence peoples mood and has been used to attempt to affect the brain of a child In Its mothers womb. Some people think that having an unborn child listen to different types of music will have different effects on how the child will grow. Some people believe that music has no influence while others believe that if they introduce their unborn child to classical music the baby will grow up to be smarter than the kid who either listened to other types of music or no music while In the womb. Studies have been done on how music can affect an unborn, and many different results have come from these studies.Not only can the unborn child actually hear the music, but the child will remember the song even after they are born. Music affects attitudes as well as thoughts. According to the book titled What to Listen for In Music by Aaron Copeland, there are four elements of music: rhythm, melody, harmony, and tone color. Each of these elements are not heard by themselves but are heard together as one sound. Each part of music has a special and unique way wherewith we Interpret and react to it. Rhythm comes first in the musical elements because many historians say that music started with a beating of a rhythm.Whether it was the cavemen with branches or another group rhythm was the first element of music found (Copeland, 33). The second element, melody, is second because rhythm is more of a physical motion and so melody is experienced as a mental emotion. The melody Is the most crucial part of the music. It Is the only subjective portion of music that the audience rejects or accepts by itself (Copeland, 49). Harmony, the third element, is the most sophisticated. The harmony was the most recently discovered and has been greatly appreciated (Copeland, 61). The last element, tone color, Is the quality of sound produced by a particular musicalInstrument (Copeland, 78). Aaron Copeland later goes on to explain the difference of how we listen to music now compared to how we listened when we were in the womb. We have little to no say in what we listen to when we were in the womb; we can only enjoy it or kick relentlessly hoping that It will change. Some studies have been done by David Tame in his book The Secret Power of Music. In It he says music has been found to affect the body in two distinct ways, directly on the cells and organs and indirectly by affecting the emotions, which, in turn, influence numerous bodily processes.Sounds projected Into liquid media have coagulated proteins. So teenagers have brought soft eggs to rock concerts, which became hard-boiled -? wonder what happens in our own bodies (Tame, 1 73) After reading this, it does make one wonder why we listen to something that can have such a negative effect and be so bad. Most people chose music their parents raised them on or something completely different. Tame later says In his book that people who listen to rock music have led lives that were much more destructive to themselves and to others than people who had listened to classical music.David Tame also did studies on plants and animals and how they respond to the different music. In a study performed classical music had appeared to bring more produce and better looking flowers than rock music (Tame, 196). According to BBC, Dry. Lament did a study where the same song was played for the last three months of the pregnancy and then was played 1 OFF song (BBC, Womb Music: How Will Music Affect owner Unborn Child? ). Another study done by Dry. Lament concluded that that there was no evidence that playing classical music to babies helps to make their brains develop. Dry. Lament has done many studies for this topic and could be considered an expert. She has discovered much information for example: babies can hear Just twenty weeks after conception and can remember a song for at least twelve months, and that babies cannot only remember the songs but they prefer these songs (BBC, Babies Remember womb music). Another study was done at the Education Oasis on how music affects babies in the womb, and they said that music does not make a baby smarter but it does prepare it for particular ways of thinking.The effect the music has does not last long but can be seed to do tasks more quickly (Bales). They figured out, through many experiments, that although music did not make the babies smarter it did make their brains ready to learn and grow. The babies who listened to classical music were more ready to learn than the babies, who had listened to country, rock, folk, dance, or nothing at all (Bales). Although there is still controversy on whether or not music can make the brain smarter or not, more research has been done to observe the effects of music on newborns.Researchers from Brigham Ones University studied the effects of music n thirty-three premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit at Utah Valley Regional Medical Center in Provo. Cassette players piped voices of men and women singing lullabies into each babys ears for forty minutes a day for four days. When doctors examined the babies on the fourth day, they found that babies who had been exposed to music gained more weight, and had lower blood pressure and a stronger heartbeat than the other (Robed).Their research shows that music can help strengthen premature babies; however, these researchers still have yet to figure out f music can improve a childs intellect. It is hard to study the intelligence level of babies when they cannot talk or write. When studying three and four year olds these researchers have found out that if the child plays an instrument that the child is better at math and special thinking (Robed). Owner goal should be to cultivate a love for music in owner child, not to create the next Mozart. It should be about having fun and exposing owner child to new sounds and rhythms (Robed).My mother listened to two genres of music when I was in her womb: eighties rock and RB. I would kick ND dance for her when she played the rock music and she used RB to put me to sleep. It worked as a ones child too; my mother has videos of me kicking and screaming for Joy when she played AC/DC, Bon Jove, the Beastie Boys, Duran Duran, Journey, Whitewashes, and 132. Whenever either of my parents wanted to put me to sleep, they would play Prince, Steve Wonder, AY B. Sure, Earth Franklin, Diana Ross, Soul II Soul, or Earth, Wind, and Fire. These genres have had an impact on my upbringing.Like most children I stuck to what I knew when it came for me to buy my first compact disk. The quote The apple doesnt fall far from the tree applies very much so to me as it does to most children when they pick what they like and what they do not; I chose a nineties rock and alternative. I liked bands that were like the bands that I listened to in my mothers womb, but I also liked having my own music to like. The music I chose sounds similar to the music my mother would have me listen to, but it was something my dad would not sing every word to, so I liked it. My dad is year or two later, my mother was pregnant again. This time she was told by the doctors that her baby was to be born with many brain defects. She looked for many ways to keep her unborn baby from being born with the brain deficiencies. She had watched on the local news that babies were being born with an unbelievable intelligence from their mothers playing classical music while the unborn baby was still in the womb. There was another mother whom had said that the doctors had told her that her baby was supposed to be born with brain defects but her baby was born with no defects at all and she thanked her lucky stars on classical music.My mother thought it was worth a try since music was not thought of to hurt a babys brain. While she had classical music on headphone around her womb, she had rock music on a second pair for her and me to enjoy. My brother was born with some brain deficiencies; he is a slow school learner but is extremely fast at learning musical instruments. If one gives him an instrument in five minutes he will learn how to compose sound, in fifteen he knows notes, and in thirty he can play a song from memory. In everything else my brother is slow at learning and is slightly dyslexic.My mother thought the classical music had helped, so when she was pregnant again she had the new unborn baby listen to classical music as well. This one was born with terrible eye sight, deaf in one ear, dyslexic, and on the verge of being mentally handicapped. Classical music through a personal study has shown to have no intellectual effect on the unborn child. Every now and again a musical genius is born. These children are extremely gifted in music and can play, compose and understand music with an unimaginable capacity. Although, some may imagine that we cannot measure musical greatness or potential in children before they discover it themselves. There is a way. In the book titled Musical Ability in Children by Arnold Bentley, he describes ways that we can test the musical ability and potential in children. After all, he says musical ability is primarily a mental ability. He goes on to tell how to test children, but he says that this can be a difficult task especially if the children are not old enough to handle the challenge of the tests (Bentley).According to these studies, there are too many variables to consider when having a child and exposing them to the different array of music that we have today. For example, the child may be born already a genius and the classical music could impair his way of hinging, there are also some disabilities a child can be born with that music Just will not be the fix, the baby may reject the music altogether because the baby still remembers what has happened bef ore in the preemptor life and knows that he should be listening to a different type or knows a better type for him to listen to. Music is a stimulant. We listen to it in hard times either to make us feel better or to truly understand what the artists are saying because now we understand what they mean. We try to understand everything that we listen to, but it is sometime hard to kick up the message the artists wanted to get out in the way they present it. Music is a powerful thing that should not be taken lightly it can create emotions and pictures in our mind. Music is not something that goes away either.

Julius Caesar Betrayal Essays - Cultural Depictions Of Julius Caesar

Julius Caesar Betrayal William Shakespear's play Julius Caesar deals with the problem power and betrayel. Throughout the whole play since the beginning there has been warnings of betrayel. In the beginning of the play a warning was stated to Caesar in the first act. The Soothsayer had warned Caesar "Beware the Ides of March" (act I, scene II). When Caesar heard this warning he took it as it was not true and went about his business. Caesar dissreguarded this warning because he thought he had too much power and nothing bad could come to him. Later on in the play, on the Ides of March, March 15th; Caesar was betrayed by all of the people he kept close to him, especially his best friend Brutes. When Caesar met up with all of the government officials, and the people he trusted most, he was betrayed by them all. Caesar was stabbed to death, the last person to stab him, was Brutes. With Caesars last breath he said "Et tu, Brut" (Act III, Scene I). I personally find this line one of the most effective ones in the play because you really get a sence of the betrayel. It is as if Caesar cannot believe his eyes that his very best friend could do such a horrible thing such as to stab him.

BOB HOPE Essays - Bob Hope, Free Essays, Term Papers

BOB HOPE Essays - Bob Hope, Free Essays, Term Papers BOB HOPE For the past 80 years, Bob hope has been entertaining everyone, from people in the war to even the President. When Bob Hope is not entertaining his fans he is usually off at the golf court for either fun or for charities. With Bobs help he has been able to raise millions of dollars for charities in the desert area. Among Bobs acheivments is setting a world record for having "The longest running contract with a signal network lasting 61 years". One of Bob Hopes many contributions to America was to go around the world to entertain the service men and women that off in other countries stationed in other countries. During World War II in 1943, he and a small USO troupe would visit our military bases in England, Africa, Sicily, and Ireland. After WWII when the world was at peace, he still went around and visited military bases and hospitals.(B Hope Book 5) While his career started he changed his named from Leslie Townes Hope, for professional reasons, to Bob Hope. The beginning of Bobs career began after highschool when he took lessons from entertainer Rastus Brown and Johnny Root. Later he was able to team up with George Byrne and formed the name "two diamonds in the rough", they created an act and soon were playing at different houses in New York including Keith's Flushing.(Bob Hope Pixel 11) Bob was first seen in the Broadway production "Ballyhoo" and "Roberta". His personal life was changed forever when one of his co-performers introduced him to a young singer named Dolores Reade. After a brief time they were married in February of 1934. Today they have four children: Linda, Anthony, Nora, and Kelly, and also four grandchildren. Bob Hope was first herd on the radio but when herd on it was able to make it in Hollywood. In 1950 Bob Hope made his first formal debut on NBC on Easter Sunday, but his first television appearance was in 1947 on CBS. After he was a guest on the Ed Sullivan show in 1949. Though he has not won any Oscars at the Academy of Motion Pictures has honored him five times, two honorary Oscars, two special awards and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award. (Bob Hope NBC 4)(Hope Enterprise 2) For more than half a century Bob Hope has been entertaining the presidents of the United States, starting with President Roosevelt. Since then he has been invited to the White House for the last 11 presidents. The last appearance Bob made was the Bob Hope "Laughing With The Presidents. This was the 283 special Bob has had on NBC he was shown through his career with all of the famous Stars and Presidents he has met and entertained through his life. The presidents that have been honored by include, Roosevelt, Eisenhower, Nixon, Ford, Reagan, Bush and Clinton. President Kennedy presented Hope with the award of "America's most prized ambassador of goodwill throughout the world" Other specials that Hope has done on NBC include "Memories of World War II and "This is Bob on the Air".(Bob Hope Laughing with The presidents 9) Bob has been giving his support to America for the past seven decades. Among which he has lifted the spirits of the troops at was and the WWI, WWII, and Vietnam war Veterans. Today Bob Hope is 94 years old and retired. Now he spends his free time playing golf every day he is able too and raising money for charities. Bob has a school named after him called the "Bob Hope Primary School" and a yearly golf tournament called "The bob Hope Classic"(Bob Hope Kennedy 4)

Case Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Case Scenario - Essay Example On the other hand, it has been recommended that the committee should not offer the same green light to Greenpeace to conduct a protest at the shopping mall since this can lead to public disorder. The paper seeks to discuss the ethical and legal ramifications based on the DRNC Scenario. The paper will outline the issues, their implications and the measures that can be taken in order to resolve the issue at hand. The paper will also discuss the recommendations that can be implemented to address the issues raised. 1. Based on the fictional account story of planning and preparation leading up to the mythical Democratic-Republican National Convention (DRNC) event in Miami, Florida, it can be noted that there are potential legal claims that are likely to be raised by private citizen seriously injured by the use of the LRADs if the decision is made by the Sub-Committee to purchase them after relying solely on the manufacturers claims and instructions as to their use. It can be seen that LRAD’s can cause considerable pain and discomfort to people standing within their range though the manufacturers deny this claim. This has been revealed by Hayes who states that: â€Å"yes, in a way it is, but the company that sells them does not consider them to be a less-lethal weapon†¦ it doesn’t rise to that level†¦ at least according to them.† In the event that there was insufficient time to test the device and train officers in their use before the Convention and it has also be en assumed that the Sub-Committee concluded that the value of the LRADs use in crowd control outweighed any risk of harm caused by their use, it can be noted that the potential liability of the individual officer using the device is negligence which falls under tort law. Basically, negligence is described as a civil wrong which results in the breach of duty care owed to the neighbour by another person

Events that change Nations - P4-db Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Events that change Nations - P4-db - Essay Example The lack of conflict and the breakdown of national economies that came in the aftermath of the First World War, forced nations to repair the damage and this is why economic science flourished. As a result, several economic models, theories and principles were introduced. I would cite two important developments that have contributed significantly to the course of modern history: the Keynesian economic tradition; and, the emergence of postwar globalization. The events in 1920s and 1930s such as the high postwar inflation rates, the instability of stock prices, unemployment, tariff dynamics, and so forth occupied John Maynard Keynes and shaped his economic ideas. Keynes was involved in the major events of his time and would be pivotal in the development of modern economic thought afterwards. According to Alan Meltzer (1988), today, if one looks back and examine Keynes works, he or she would be struck by the labored arguments and definitions that are very much applicable today. (p. 18) In reading his works, for instance, we are able to see how Keynes predicted problems, failures, and impending disasters including the possible solutions for governments. The realizations of Keynes’ predictions influenced the modern economic thought and, certainly, his reputation so much so that governments used his ideas to guide their economic policies today. One could see this in the recent policies of British Prime Minister Gordon Brown and US Pr esident Barack Obama in their strategies to rescue their respective economies from current global financial crisis. The second important development during the 1920s and the 1930s was the emergence of globalization. During this period, traces of globalization started to emerge as countries started the initiatives to enforce tariff truce as well as agreement that would regulate quotas and other restrictions. When the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act of 1934 or Tasca 1934 was enacted by several European

What Were the Effects of the Contact Between Europeans and North Americans Essay Example for Free

What Were the Effects of the Contact Between Europeans and North Americans Essay Ever since 1485, Christopher Columbus, an explorer from Italy, began to vigorously look for sponsor for his voyage. He presented his idea of sailing to the Atlantic and into mysterious Asia to John II, King of Portugal. Yet, he was interested in his plan. John II and the royalties thought the plan was unfavorable and unrealistic. When Columbus was about to give up, the queen of Spain, Queen Isabella, offered her assistance. Columbus and Queen Isabella later signed a treaty called Capitulations of Santa Fe, stating that the new lands Columbus could claim for Spain would belong to him. In return, he should bring back gold, pearls, and spice. In 1492,Christopher Columbus and his three ships- the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria, arrived on the shores of San Salvador in the Caribbean. Lacking knowledge of geography, he believed that he had reached India but which was actually North America. (Livingston, 2010) However, after Columbus’ arrival in the Americas, the animal, plant, people, and bacterial life of these two worlds began to mix up. The arrival of Columbus brought wars, slavary and forced labor, the spreading of diseases caused at least 5 million deaths even worse. The contact between Europeans and North Americans brought Natives catastrophes and devastation that Europeans could never make up. Most importantly, the hidden disease brought by the Europeans caused massive amount of Natives to die. As the Spain, French, and English explorers came to America, diseases like small pox, malaria, chicken pox, influenza, measles, and yellow fever, the diseases that once killers that killed a great deal of Europeans, were brought to the new lands too. Walbert)Which were later called as â€Å" The gift from Old to New Worlds†. (Kincheloe, 2007) As time passed, the Europeans were used to these diseases and gained immunity against them. However, the natives had never confront of these disease before, therefore they had no resistance to these illness, and their traditional cures didn’t work. These diseases killed as much as 90 percent of the native population, which means that only one in ten natives survived. Diseases like malaria and yellow fever were passed down from person to person from mosquitoes. When a particular region was affected, the disease would usually spread out rapidly. Also, natives could easily get the diseases when traded with one another. Other diseases could be transmitted throught the livestocks brought by the Europeans. For example, cattle passes measles and small pox; pigs pass influenza; chicken pass malaria. Native hunters and gatherers could get the diseases when they were in touch with the animals. Thomas Harriot, an English explorer, witnessed the natives suffered from the diseases and wrote the following paragraph in his jornal, â€Å"Within a few days after our departure from every such [Indian] town, the people began to die very fast, and many in short space; in some towns about twenty, in some forty, in some sixty, in one six score [6 x 20 = 120], which in truth was very many in respect of their numbers. . . . The disease was also so strange that they neither knew what it was nor how to cure it. † (Kincheloe, 2007) Harriot’s paragraph clearly stated that the natives died in large amount everyday. Lostln Revery said in her article: The transmission of the diseases caused more devastation in the New World than the Black Death had done in Europe. In addition, the coming of European also brought up a new kind of trade-the slave trade, which cost hundreds and thousands of native men and women forced to be taken away. (Walbert)Dr. Calvin Lawrence Jr. wrote the following paragraph in Coloumbus Day 2012: Hero, Villain, or Both?. â€Å" Columbus is an obvious target of scorn and resentment for Native Americans whose fortunes declined precipitously in the aftermath of his journey to the New World. He and his men also brutalized people of the West Indies and enslaved others. † He interpeted how Columbus and his crew treated the native slaves. According to the passage, the settlers treated the native slaves ruthlessly and unfairly. As the number of settlers increased, more and more buildings like housings were needed. Settlers needed workers to do chores such as building the houses and working of planation. Settlers later found out that they could sell tools, firearms, metal knives, axes, ammunition, alchohol, furs and cloths to the natives. Kincheloe, 2007) In return, they would bring them other natives they captured in tribal wars. Those warslaves were sold to the settlers as slavery. The idea of slavery had already occur before Europeans arrived. The natives adopted the idea of holding slaves as chattel property. Those slaves were usually enslaved war captives and were used for small- scale labor or rutual sacrifices. Little records stated that the slave holders viewed the slavess racially inferior from other tribes. However, most slaves would slowly equalized into the tribes to replace dead warriors. After European marched in, it caused a change in Native American slavery, as they created a new market. At first, the settlers only bought slaves from other tribes and used them as workers. As time passed, the demand increased, colonists in the South began to capture natives. The natives were used as labors to cultivate tobacco, rice, or indigo, which is a type of dye. Therefore, the population of natives decreased swiftly due to forced labor. Settlers even encouraged natives to go against each other to triggered them into war, their objectives were to weaken the warring tribes and increase the number of slaves. Furthermore, the misunderstood and conflict between Europeans and Native Americans usaully lead to war that led to massacres of native villages. For example, the conflict between settlers and the Pequot tribe that was centered along the Pequot River, called The Pequot War. (Pequot War) The natives believed that the land were sacred and they were closely linked with the lands. The idea of â€Å"owning† land did not exit among the Native Americans. They lived on the land, but didn’t consider that they owned it. When European immigrated in their lands, the Native Americans welcomed them and were willing to share the lands with them. Nonetheless, the Europeans took advantages of the natives and started to take over their land. The points of anxiety included unfair trading, the sale of alcohol, and the destruction of Pequot crops. Eventually, it led to the first war between natives and Europeans on the continent. In 1636, European trader called John Oldham was killed by the Pequot. The incident triggered the leader of settlers, John Endicott, to seek retaliations. The Europeans then cooperated with the Narragansett, the rival of the Pequot. In May 1637, more than 500 Pequot people were burned down or hunted down, and the chief was the executed. The village was massacred. Historians considered this as a shameful period of history. The other example was the conflict between the Southern Tuscaroas tribe and the settlers in 1715. The war was later called The Tuscarora War. The European Setllers that lived in North Carolina had lived in peace with the natives for over 50 years. The chief of the Southern Tuscarora, Chief Hancock, later found his villages often assaulted and his people frequently kidnapped and sold as slaves. Chief Hancock felt that there were no alternative but to go against the settlers. Chief Hancock teamed up with other tribes and attakced the planters on the Roanoke River. Hundreds of settlers were killed. Governor force then attacked the Southern Tuscarora and other tribes in return. Hundrerd and thousands of Tuscarora were killed or made prisoners. As the result, the majority of Southern Tuscarora began migrating to New York to escape the setttlers. Due to the natives were mostly lack of armed force and resources, also weaken by diseases, they were nearly always unsucessful in wars. In conclusion, the contact between European and American caused the population of natives to reduce fastly. The Europeans thought they were the superior culture that brought civilization to the inferior culture. Since they were armed with better weapon, natives were in an inferior postion. Although the settlers did make progress for the natives, they still caused a great deal of native’s death. European imperialism of America changed the culture and lives of natives permanently and resulted in genocide of natives. The most deadly reason of native’s death is the disease they brought from the old world. The settlers brought in a number of kinds diseases that were fetal and took away a great deal of native’s life. As the settlers increased, more and more laborers were needed. Natives were captured and sold as slaves to work for the settlers. However,the settlers didn’t treat the natives well and overworked the natives. Lastly, the war between natives and settlers was also one of the reason that natives deceaded. Settlers from European countries armed with better weapons that natives couldn’t compete. As the result, the natives were mostly defeated in battles. To sum up, the contact between Europeans and Native Americans ked to a demographic disaster of unprecedented proportions. Some natives population became extinct in less than 100 years.

Effect Of Postimpressionists On The Next Generation Essay -- essays re

Postimpressionism Postimpressionism was a movement in late-19th-century French painting that emphasized the artist's personal response to a subject. Postimpressionism takes its name from an art movement that immediately preceded it: Impressionism. But whereas impressionist painters concentrated on the depiction of a subject's immediate appearance, postimpressionists focused on emotional or spiritual meanings that the subject might convey. Although impressionist artists interpreted what they saw, their approach nevertheless remained rooted in observation of the natural world. Postimpressionists conveyed their personal responses to the world around them through the use of strong, unnatural colors and exaggeration or slight distortion of forms. Postimpressionism can be said to have begun in 1886, the year that French painter Georges Seurat exhibited Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1884-1886), and to have ended in 1906, the year French painter Paul CÃ ©zanne died. British art critic Roger Fry, however, coined the term postimpressionism, in 1910 when he organized an exhibition of French paintings at the Grafton Galleries in London. Fry is said to have been dissuaded from using the word expressionist to describe the work of CÃ ©zanne, Seurat, Paul Gauguin, Henri Matisse, Vincent van Gogh, and others, and to have finally declared: "Oh, let's just call them post-impressionists; at any rate, they came after the impressionists." The term was firmly established when Fry held a second show of postimpressionist art at the Grafton Galleries in 1912. The Postimpressionists The painters most closely associated with postimpressionism all took part in Fry's first exhibition: CÃ ©zanne, Seurat, Gauguin, Matisse, and van Gogh. Although their styles differed greatly from one another, these artists shared an ability to communicate concepts, emotions, or personal sensation through their art. Unlike other postimpressionists, Paul CÃ ©zanne did not create symbolic equivalents between elements of his paintings and particular emotions or concepts. Instead, CÃ ©zanne, who began his career as an impressionist, felt that he could communicate the intensity of his personal sensation through his painted observations of nature. He repeatedly turned to traditional artistic subjects, such as landscapes, still lifes, and nude bathers. However, his r... ...m, used more decorative shapes, stencilling, collage, and brighter colors. It was then that artists such as Picasso and Braque started to use pieces of cut-up newspaper in their paintings. An early 20th-century school of painting and sculpture in which the subject matter is portrayed by geometric forms without realistic detail, stressing abstract form at the expense of other pictorial elements largely by use of intersecting often transparent cubes and cones. CÃ ©zanne influenced cubism, the highly influential visual arts style of the 20th century that was created principally by Picasso and Braque in Paris between 1907 and 1914. The Cubist style emphasized the flat, two-dimensional surface of the picture plane, rejecting the traditional techniques of perspective, foreshortening, modeling, and chiaroscuro and refuting time-honoured theories of art as the imitation of nature. Cubist painters were not bound to copying form, texture, colour, and space; instead, they presented a new reality in paintings that depicted radically fragmented objects, whose several sides were seen simultaneously. this has been collected from various resources on the net ... ibiblio.org, among others

Analysis Of Scientific Glass Inventory Management Finance Essay

The products of Scientific Glass include customized and specialized glassware for a variety of organizations such as pharmaceutical companies, hospitals, research labs, quality-control sites and testing facilities. By January 2010, a substantial increase in their inventory balances tied up the capital needed for investment for expansion. The debt-to-capital ratio exceeded the 40% target preventing the company to use their capital in other areas. Also the shipping costs were rising, competitive pressures were speeding up, and certain markets in North America and Europe were becoming saturated which underscored the necessity for capital investment for expanding market opportunities in Latin America and Asia. Moreover, expanding warehousing network increased the inventory levels along with costs, documentation complexities and errors. The company hired a new Manager of Inventory Planning, Ava Beane, to come up with an effective plan to manage SG’ s inventory without requiring a large capital investment. In order to finance operations in year 2010, SG requires an external funding of $53.8 million. These expenses would further limit the company to use their existing capital in other areas such as research and development and expanding to international markets. To improve customer service levels, SG had increased the target customer fill rate to 99% and added six more leased ware houses to meet the demand more accurately. This led to an increase in the inventory levels as some warehouse managers kept extra inventory in order to meet the company target fill rate. Good practices Maintained continued sales growth and higher customer satisfaction Produced creative products with lower life cycle costs Focused on durable products, innovative designs and superior customer services Reduced time between ordering and delivering the products to the customers Bad practices Treated inventory management as an afterthought, due to which inventory imbalances were increasing The company exceeded its target debt to capital ratio of 40% Incurred both underage and overage costs High Inventory Problem Due to increasing in customer service level, SG planned to add regional  warehouses in many parts US. SG has the main and the largest one in Waltham, MA, which is next to manufacturing plant. SG also has another warehouse that located outside of Phoenix, Arizona. However, at the end of 2008, SG bought other six warehouses. This means SG has the total 8 warehouses to serve customers. Annual rental and operation costs for North American warehouses were 15% of the cost of the warehoused inventory. However, in 2006, before add more 6 warehouses, SG already made investment to expand the warehouse at Waltham in anticipation of continued growth, but after these 6 warehouses had been bought, this warehouse does not work full efficiency of its capacity. Another problem of warehouse management is company expected to reach high level of customer service to 99%, so that warehouse managers keep order inventory ahead before it reach threshold of inventory level to order new one to assure that they will meet the customer service target level at 99%. This situation causes high inventory levels than required and also high inventory turnover. Moreover, salespeople were allowed to have its products up to $10,000 worth from ware house and keep them in trunk stock in their homes and cars in order to deliver this inventory on short notice to any customer who was within driving distance. This amount could lead to high finished goods in warehouse and in-transit. It could lead to missing products in inventory, and lost. Proposed solutions to inventory problem In order to solve the inventory issues, two main aspects need to be considered: Number of warehouses and their structure can be changed; Related policies can be changed and more appropriate policies need to be implemented. For changing the number of warehouses, in other words, centralizing or decentralizing warehousing functions, the different options considered are as follows: Centralized warehousing in Waltham: This option uses a single central warehouse near to manufacturing facility at Waltham and will send all customer orders from this one location. Centralized warehousing in Waltham to meet demand in Southeast and Northeast regions used the delivery service of Winged Fleet as their rates are cheaper for these two regions. This would allow SG to pool its inventory in one place in order to meet demand. But the customer response times would  increase Decentralized warehousing: This option considers more number of warehouses rather than having a single centralized warehouse to meet the demand better and reduce customer response time. Continuing with 8 warehouses: This option makes no change on the network of the warehouses and all regions will be supplied its warehouse if there is no stock-out occurs. Two centralized warehouses: In this option, the additional warehouse will be at the west at Phoenix and it will be supplied from Waltham. Demand of east region will be met from Waltham, demand of west region will be met from Phoenix and demand of central region will be met from both warehouses, assuming to have equal shares on the central region. This option may also consider including the warehouse at Dallas In addition to the main warehouse at Waltham. This additional warehouse would be supplied from Waltham. This would allow demand to be met for all other regions and prevent any stock-outs in a single warehouse. Outsourcing the warehousing functions: In this option, all warehousing actions will be outsourced to Global Logistics (GL) and distribution will start from main warehouse at Waltham and then GL will be responsible from rest of the operations. Outsource warehousing to GL to meet demand in the Central, Southwest and Northwest regions because shipping costs for those regions is cheapest with the GL rates. Outsource warehousing to Global Logistics (GL) which will provide a centralized warehousing in Atlanta. Goods will be transported in bulk from Waltham to Atlanta and GL would take responsibility of inventory-control and delivery to the customers. This way SG would not have to bear the warehouse rental charges and could focus on increasing sales and develop newer products to meet customer needs. Evaluation of the proposed solutions Having proposed certain options for inventory management, the evaluation of the different options needs to be evaluated using certain parameters to arrive at a conclusion on which would be comparatively the better option to be followed for scientific glass. Evaluation of different options will be conducted based on the following five parameters: Transportation costs, Average inventory levels, Time responsiveness, Fill rates and Additional costs and benefits Since all the products of scientific glass can be arrived out based on the analysis of its 2 products namely Griffin and Erlenmeyer, since they are mentioned as the best representative for a total of nearly 3000 products of Scientific Glass, all the parameters are analyzed for these products to arrive at a conclusion. Transportation Costs: Transportation costs for different options would be calculated for the two products, namely Griffin and Erlenmeyer. In addition, for each option, demand for the next year calculated considering the 20% increase in sales. When warehouse to customer shipments are considered average shipment weight of 19, 5 pound is used and to have an average transportation cost value, these two products’ costs are averaged according to their relative proportion in sales. Inter-warehouse transshipments occur only when stock-out occurs and as the numbers of warehouses are decreasing, effect of these costs will be diminished; therefore, it is only considered in the option where there are 8 warehouses. Option Transportation cost($) Centralized warehouse – all customer shipments are calculated for rates of Winged Fleet 12210, 16 8 warehouses- having 8 warehouses and making no change, from Waltham to all other 7 warehouses all items are sent by bulk shipment. Inter-warehouse transshipments are calculated by bulk shipment rates and they are considered only when a stock-out occurs, therefore fill rate is included in these calculations 2701, 41 2 warehouses – , when two centralized warehouses considered, it is assumed that Waltham will supply east region, Phoenix will supply will west region and they will equally supply the central region 2332, 07 Outsourcing – when warehousing functions are outsourced, assuming the 5 regions of Global Logistics (GL) will have equal amount of demand 2276, 83 To conclude, as it is expected, when numbers of warehouses are decreased transportation costs are increased. From the aspect of transportation costs, GL option has the smallest cost amount. Average Inventory Levels: The inventory policy to be used by the company needs to be decided. Begin with the review type; although firm monitors the entire inventory transfers from Waltham warehouse to other warehouses; they think taking physical counts of inventory at all warehouses. Therefore, it is concluded that company uses periodic inventory review policy. Company did not mention any due date, therefore the inventory plans should consider infinite time horizon. Though there exists a fixed cost for shipments from warehouses to customers; there is no other fixed cost related to transportation to the warehouses, i.e. no fixed ordering cost. The only order cost is $0.40 per pound bulk shipment cost which is a variable cost with weight. As a result, all analysis can be conducted considering critical ratios and the related fill rate values, which is the only option that is left and also it is considered as the most applicable to the situation. Since some of the simultaneous changes can be done, considering ce teris paribus principle and when fill rate is maintained exactly as 99% for all warehouses, we can calculate the average inventory level that must be kept at warehouses. Weighted-average biweekly inventory levels are found as: 8 warehouses : 98853 2 warehouses : 68034 1 warehouse : 59703 Outsourcing : 59703 When outsourcing option is used, it will be the same for the company in the sense of kept inventory levels for the one-centralized-warehouse option therefore they are assumed to be equal. As number of warehouse decreases, level of inventory decreases as it is expected. This is because, â€Å"the greater the degree of collaboration, the lower the uncertainty (standard  deviation of the error or coefficient of variation) of the demand model† This implies that the money tied up in the inventory decreases and this extra capital can be used in other areas, like expansion plans to international markets Based on average inventory levels, either single centralized warehouse or outsourcing gives equal results. Time Responsiveness: Delivery system of the company compensates 2 weeks of shipment cycles including the stock-out situations. In order to be a market leader, differentiation on this subject is also needed and unfortunately since this is not an exact quantitative scale, only possible situations could be mentioned. For having one centralized, or two centralized or 8 decentralized warehouse options, they all include at most 3 days ready to shipment duration and Winged Fleet’s delivery time of at most 3 days if there is no stock-out situation and the stock-out probabilities are diminishing with the aggregated demands. On the other hand, GL has 1-day premium shipment in addition to 3-day regular shipments. Considering the highly growing market situation and different segment of products, having different delivery times to different products and also to different customers will make this company focus on the most yielding areas. Therefore, it can be said that working with GL has the advantage of differ entiating customers/orders and, since there will be 2 warehouses, stock-out probability and related durations will be less compared to other options. And all of these aspects will increase the time responsiveness of the company. Additional Costs and Benefits: Quantitative issues to related to options of inventory management In order to continue with the current 8 warehouses total of $10M investment is necessary, it is assumed that all of this amount will be equally shared among all warehouses. Since warehouse operating costs will be the 15% of the total warehoused inventory, these costs could be directly compared with the annual average inventory levels that are kept in each option The amount paid to sales forces will not change when the company has 1, 2 or 8 warehouses because it is assumed that as the number of warehouses decreased, number of salesperson per warehouse will increase and total number of sales persons will not change. On the other hand, when warehousing is outsourced this  amount will not be paid Qualitative issues to related to options of inventory management. When GL is used for warehousing, SG’s senior managers will be able to focus on increasing sales, marketing issues and developing next generation of products. Stopping the practice of trunk stock could lead to a decrease in the time responsiveness and therefore it should not be stopped. Improving the controlling systems will create a better understanding of the current situation after the warehousing functions changed. Finally, when GL is used, the approach of warehouse managers to keep more than 99% fill rate and 60-day-supply will not be a problem, because all of these operating issues will be responsibility of GL. This will help to company not to keep excessive amount of inventory and less tied-up money in the inventory which can be used in other areas. Fill Rate: Company’s fill rate policy should also be calculated for the different options. The company replaced the earlier fill rate policy of 93%, which is only marginally better that the industry average fill rate of 92%, with 99%. However, there is no sign that the company is implementing this policy because it is the best approach that must be taken for the company objectives. Moreover, using a fill rate higher than optimal level leads to higher inventories and more money tied up in the inventory. Therefore, company should lower the rates down to optimal levels, if there is no other concern related to market leadership or customer satisfaction. To calculate the optimal levels of fill rates for all four options the cost items which are added to underage and overage costs also needs to be considered. The underage costs are 10% of the gross margin and overage costs are 0.6% of the unit cost of any product. Also it is assumed that unit costs covers all the costs such as warehouse rental and operation costs, cost of capital and inventory write-offs. For the three options other than outsourcing, there is no change in cost items, only the multiplied quantities are changed; but the outsourcing alternative eliminates the 15% warehouse rental and operating costs and 1% inventory write-offs. As a result, overage costs are decreased while underage costs are increased. Resulting optimal fill rates are as follows: 1, 2, or 8 warehouses Outsourcing Griffin 95.4% 96.5% Erlenmeyer 94.9% 96.1% These numbers can be interpreted in two different ways: If company is flexible about the determination of fill rate, in other words if it can lower the fill-rates from 99% to optimal levels, outsourcing option pushes the optimal fill rates to higher levels which results in larger inventories and more money to tie up. If the company still insists on keeping fill rate at 99%, the additional costs that must be paid to maintain 99% fill-rate level is lowered in the outsourcing alternative. Consequently, the better policy related to fill rates depend on the attitude of the company. Finally, another policy change about fill-rates can be considered. Rather than using one fill-rate for over all products of the company, different rates for different products can help the company in decreasing inventory costs related to, at least, for some of the products. Conclusion To conclude, since available options are studied from different aspects, it must be mentioned that the company should choose the alternatives and compare the results of evaluations according to their priorities. For instance, evaluation criteria like inventory levels and transportation costs are conflicting on interests. Company can see their situation and make decisions according to priorities. While assessing the weights for factors, it is considered that average inventory level and the transportation costs are the most important costs for the company. Then, the fill rate follows them. Time responsiveness is the next important factor which is followed by additional costs and benefits with equal weights for each. Changes in warehouse management are considered as options other than outsourcing do not provide radical policy changes which could make warehousing management better. These weights and the scores related to the investigations yield that the outsourcing the warehousing  function to Global Logistics is the best alternative among all. All of investigations and cost studies conducted are to find the most cost effective option in order to getting closer to the target debt to capital ratio of the company and provide more capital to fund expansion into new international markets while maintaining or even improving the high customer satisfaction level

Constantine at the Battle of Milvian Bridge

The Battle of Milvian Bridge was part of the Wars of Constantine. Date Constantine defeated Maxentius on October 28, 312. Armies Commanders Constantine Emperor Constantine Iapproximately 100,000 men Maxentius Emperor Maxentiusapproximately 75,000-120,000 men Battle Summary In the power struggle that began following the collapse of the Tetrarchy around 309, Constantine consolidated his position in Britain, Gaul, the Germanic provinces, and Spain. Believing himself to be the rightful emperor of the Western Roman Empire, he assembled his army and prepared for an invasion of Italy in 312. To the south, Maxentius, who occupied Rome, sought to advance his own claim to the title. To support his efforts, he was able to draw upon the resources of Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, and the African provinces. Advancing south, Constantine conquered northern Italy after crushing Maxentian armies at Turin and Verona. Showing compassion to the citizens of the region, they soon began to support his cause and his army swelled to near 100,000 (90,000 infantry, 8,000 cavalry). As he neared Rome, it was expected that Maxentius would stay within the city walls and force him to lay siege. This strategy had worked in the past for Maxentius when he faced invasion from the forces of Severus (307) and Galerius (308). In fact, siege preparations had already been made, with large amounts of food already brought into the city. Instead, Maxentius opted to give battle and advanced his army to the Tiber River near the Milvian Bridge outside of Rome. This decision is largely believed to have been based on favorable omens and the fact that the battle would occur on the anniversary of his ascension to the throne. On October 27, the night before the battle, Constantine claimed to have had a vision which instructed him fight under the protection of the Christian God. In this vision a cross appeared in the sky and he heard in Latin, in this sign, you will conquer. The author Lactantius states that following the visions instructions, Constantine ordered his men to paint the Christians symbol (either a Latin cross or the Labarum) upon their shields. Advancing over the Milvian Bridge, Maxentius ordered it destroyed so that it could not be used by the enemy. He then ordered a pontoon bridge constructed for his own armys use. On October 28, Constantines forces arrived on the battlefield. Attacking, his troops slowly pushed back Maxentius men until their backs were at the river. Seeing that the day was lost, Maxentius decided to retreat and renew the battle closer to Rome. As his army withdrew, it clogged the pontoon bridge, its only avenue of retreat, ultimately causing it to collapse. Those trapped on the north bank were either captured or slaughtered by Constantines men. With Maxentius army split and decimated, the battle came to a close. Maxentius body was found in the river, where he had drowned in an attempt to swim across. Aftermath While casualties for the Battle of the Milvian Bridge are not known, it is believed that Maxentius army suffered badly. With his rival dead, Constantine was free to consolidate his hold over the Western Roman Empire. He expanded his reign to include the entire Roman Empire after defeating Licinius during the civil war of 324. Constantines vision prior to the battle is believed to have inspired his ultimate conversion to Christianity. Selected Sources Lactantius Account of the BattleEusebius Life of Constantine